Chapter 16 tells the story of King Ahaz of Judah. There is archaeological and historical evidence for his existence. We are getting close enough to the time the Book of Kings was written that the content likely reflects actual historical memory, not just myth. However, that doesn't mean the details are reliable! For example, verse 2 says he was 36 years old when he died; but in Ch. 18, we are told that his son Hezekiah succeeded him at age 25, which means Ahaz must have fathered Hezekiah when he was 11 years old.
Verse 3, in this translation, says Ahaz sacrificed his son to a Canaanite God, but as the footnote admits, this is not a literal translation. The Hebrew says "made his son to pass through the fire,"which many people believe refers to a purifying ritual. There is no evidence that human sacrifice was ever practiced in Canaan. The story is anomalous in that it depicts a king of Judah who blasphemes against Yaweh, even making major modifications to the Temple. Since that's contrary to the overall plot, it can be taken as more evidence for Ahaz's historical existence. On the other hand, the stronger plot point is redemption by his son Hezekiah, as we will see.
16 In the seventeenth year of Pekah the son of Remali′ah, Ahaz the son of Jotham, king of Judah, began to reign. 2 Ahaz was twenty years old when he began to reign, and he reigned sixteen years in Jerusalem. And he did not do what was right in the eyes of the Lord his God, as his father David had done, 3 but he walked in the way of the kings of Israel. He even burned his son as an offering,[a] according to the abominable practices of the nations whom the Lord drove out before the people of Israel. 4 And he sacrificed and burned incense on the high places, and on the hills, and under every green tree.
5 Then Rezin king of Syria and Pekah the son of Remali′ah, king of Israel, came up to wage war on Jerusalem, and they besieged Ahaz but could not conquer him. 6 At that time[b] the king of Edom[c] recovered Elath for Edom,[d] and drove the men of Judah from Elath; and the E′domites came to Elath, where they dwell to this day. 7 So Ahaz sent messengers to Tig′lath-pile′ser king of Assyria, saying, “I am your servant and your son. Come up, and rescue me from the hand of the king of Syria and from the hand of the king of Israel, who are attacking me.” 8 Ahaz also took the silver and gold that was found in the house of the Lord and in the treasures of the king’s house, and sent a present to the king of Assyria. 9 And the king of Assyria hearkened to him; the king of Assyria marched up against Damascus, and took it, carrying its people captive to Kir, and he killed Rezin.
10 When King Ahaz went to Damascus to meet Tig′lath-pile′ser king of Assyria, he saw the altar that was at Damascus. And King Ahaz sent to Uri′ah the priest a model of the altar, and its pattern, exact in all its details. 11 And Uri′ah the priest built the altar; in accordance with all that King Ahaz had sent from Damascus, so Uri′ah the priest made it, before King Ahaz arrived from Damascus. 12 And when the king came from Damascus, the king viewed the altar. Then the king drew near to the altar, and went up on it, 13 and burned his burnt offering and his cereal offering, and poured his drink offering, and threw the blood of his peace offerings upon the altar. 14 And the bronze altar which was before the Lord he removed from the front of the house, from the place between his altar and the house of the Lord, and put it on the north side of his altar. 15 And King Ahaz commanded Uri′ah the priest, saying, “Upon the great altar burn the morning burnt offering, and the evening cereal offering, and the king’s burnt offering, and his cereal offering, with the burnt offering of all the people of the land, and their cereal offering, and their drink offering; and throw upon it all the blood of the burnt offering, and all the blood of the sacrifice; but the bronze altar shall be for me to inquire by.” 16 Uri′ah the priest did all this, as King Ahaz commanded.
17 And King Ahaz cut off the frames of the stands, and removed the laver from them, and he took down the sea from off the bronze oxen that were under it, and put it upon a pediment of stone. 18 And the covered way for the sabbath which had been built inside the palace, and the outer entrance for the king he removed from[e] the house of the Lord, because of the king of Assyria. 19 Now the rest of the acts of Ahaz which he did, are they not written in the Book of the Chronicles of the Kings of Judah? 20 And Ahaz slept with his fathers, and was buried with his fathers in the city of David; and Hezeki′ah his son reigned in his stead.
Footnotes
- 2 Kings 16:3 Or made his son to pass through the fire
- 2 Kings 16:6 Heb At that time Rezin
- 2 Kings 16:6 Heb Aram (Syria)
- 2 Kings 16:6 Heb Aram (Syria)
- 2 Kings 16:18 Cn: Heb turned to
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