1 Samuel 2 is very long. It isn't clear why the monks didn't split it in half because the first part, Hannah's prayer, is really unrelated to the rest of it. The text doesn't say that this is sung rather than spoken, but one suspects it is intended as a song. These songs are commonly put in the mouths of women. Miriam organized an all female song and dance party after the exodus, and we see women singing and dancing on other occasions. We don't know the provenance of this poem or song -- nor really of any of the material so far. But it does seem anachronistic in referring to a king, since there had never been an Israelite king in Hannah's imagined time, nor was any king yet in prospect.
Note however that in rabbinical Judaism, traditionally only men could be cantors. Reform Judaism accepted women as cantors beginning in 1975, and Conservative Judaism accepted them in 1987, but in Orthodox Judaism women can be neither cantors nor rabbis. You can read a history of liturgical singing by Jewish women here.
Regarding the second part, remember that a portion of the sacrifice is reserved for the priests, plus they get a lot of other goodies such as flour, olive oil and good old money. What is happening here is that they are grabbing more than their allotted share. Since what they are entitled to is plenty, it seems very unlikely that they are hungry or otherwise particularly need this extra meat, so the sons of Eli are basically just being dicks. That they want to eat the meat before the fat is burned is sacrilegious. The unnamed "man of God" is similar to the kinds of messengers we have seen before, who are sometimes labeled as angels.
I have used the Revised Standard Version here because I think it is clearer.
2 Hannah also prayed and said,
“My heart exults in the Lord;
my strength is exalted in the Lord.
My mouth derides my enemies,
because I rejoice in thy salvation.2 “There is none holy like the Lord,
there is none besides thee;
there is no rock like our God.
3 Talk no more so very proudly,
let not arrogance come from your mouth;
for the Lord is a God of knowledge,
and by him actions are weighed.
4 The bows of the mighty are broken,
but the feeble gird on strength.
5 Those who were full have hired themselves out for bread,
but those who were hungry have ceased to hunger.
The barren has borne seven,
but she who has many children is forlorn.
6 The Lord kills and brings to life;
he brings down to Sheol and raises up.
7 The Lord makes poor and makes rich;
he brings low, he also exalts.
8 He raises up the poor from the dust;
he lifts the needy from the ash heap,
to make them sit with princes
and inherit a seat of honor.
For the pillars of the earth are the Lord’s,
and on them he has set the world.9 “He will guard the feet of his faithful ones;
but the wicked shall be cut off in darkness;
for not by might shall a man prevail.
10 The adversaries of the Lord shall be broken to pieces;
against them he will thunder in heaven.
The Lord will judge the ends of the earth;
he will give strength to his king,
and exalt the power of his anointed.”Eli’s Wicked Sons
11 Then Elka′nah went home to Ramah. And the boy ministered to the Lord, in the presence of Eli the priest.
12 Now the sons of Eli were worthless men; they had no regard for the Lord. 13 The custom of the priests with the people was that when any man offered sacrifice, the priest’s servant would come, while the meat was boiling, with a three-pronged fork in his hand, 14 and he would thrust it into the pan, or kettle, or caldron, or pot; all that the fork brought up the priest would take for himself.[a] So they did at Shiloh to all the Israelites who came there. 15 Moreover, before the fat was burned, the priest’s servant would come and say to the man who was sacrificing, “Give meat for the priest to roast; for he will not accept boiled meat from you, but raw.” 16 And if the man said to him, “Let them burn the fat first, and then take as much as you wish,” he would say, “No, you must give it now; and if not, I will take it by force.” 17 Thus the sin of the young men was very great in the sight of the Lord; for the men treated the offering of the Lord with contempt.
The Child Samuel at Shiloh
18 Samuel was ministering before the Lord, a boy girded with a linen ephod. 19 And his mother used to make for him a little robe and take it to him each year, when she went up with her husband to offer the yearly sacrifice. 20 Then Eli would bless Elka′nah and his wife, and say, “The Lord give you children by this woman for the loan which she lent to[b] the Lord”; so then they would return to their home.
21 And the Lord visited Hannah, and she conceived and bore three sons and two daughters. And the boy Samuel grew in the presence of the Lord.
Prophecy against Eli’s Household
22 Now Eli was very old, and he heard all that his sons were doing to all Israel, and how they lay with the women who served at the entrance to the tent of meeting. 23 And he said to them, “Why do you do such things? For I hear of your evil dealings from all the people. 24 No, my sons; it is no good report that I hear the people of the Lord spreading abroad. 25 If a man sins against a man, God will mediate for him; but if a man sins against the Lord, who can intercede for him?” But they would not listen to the voice of their father; for it was the will of the Lord to slay them.
26 Now the boy Samuel continued to grow both in stature and in favor with the Lord and with men.
27 And there came a man of God to Eli, and said to him, “Thus the Lord has said, ‘I revealed[c] myself to the house of your father when they were in Egypt subject to the house of Pharaoh. 28 And I chose him out of all the tribes of Israel to be my priest, to go up to my altar, to burn incense, to wear an ephod before me; and I gave to the house of your father all my offerings by fire from the people of Israel. 29 Why then look with greedy eye at[d] my sacrifices and my offerings which I commanded, and honor your sons above me by fattening yourselves upon the choicest parts of every offering of my people Israel?’ 30 Therefore the Lord the God of Israel declares: ‘I promised that your house and the house of your father should go in and out before me for ever’; but now the Lord declares: ‘Far be it from me; for those who honor me I will honor, and those who despise me shall be lightly esteemed. 31 Behold, the days are coming, when I will cut off your strength and the strength of your father’s house, so that there will not be an old man in your house. 32 Then in distress you will look with envious eye on all the prosperity which shall be bestowed upon Israel; and there shall not be an old man in your house for ever. 33 The man of you whom I shall not cut off from my altar shall be spared to weep out his[e] eyes and grieve his[f] heart; and all the increase of your house shall die by the sword of men.[g] 34 And this which shall befall your two sons, Hophni and Phin′ehas, shall be the sign to you: both of them shall die on the same day. 35 And I will raise up for myself a faithful priest, who shall do according to what is in my heart and in my mind; and I will build him a sure house, and he shall go in and out before my anointed for ever. 36 And every one who is left in your house shall come to implore him for a piece of silver or a loaf of bread, and shall say, “Put me, I pray you, in one of the priest’s places, that I may eat a morsel of bread.”’”
Footnotes
- 1 Samuel 2:14 Gk Syr Vg: Heb with it
- 1 Samuel 2:20 Or for the petition which she asked of
- 1 Samuel 2:27 Gk Tg: Heb Did I reveal
- 1 Samuel 2:29 Or treat with scorn Gk: Heb kick at
- 1 Samuel 2:33 Gk: Heb your
- 1 Samuel 2:33 Gk: Heb your
- 1 Samuel 2:33 Gk: Heb die as men
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